engine/Networking/src/state.rs

use crate::{filter_by_content, prelude::*, pseudo_tcp_message::MessageState};

use config_handler::prelude::*;

use std::{
    collections::HashMap,
    net::SocketAddr,
    path::Path,
    str::FromStr,
    time::{Duration, Instant},
};

use anyhow::Result;

pub const MESSAGE_STR: &str = "Message";
pub const ACKNOWLEDGE_STR: &str = "Acknowledge";
pub const FINISHED_STR: &str = "Finished";

const START_STATE: &str = "Start";

pub struct StateMachineBuilder {
    states: HashMap<String, State>,
    transition_time_out: Duration,
}

impl std::fmt::Debug for StateMachineBuilder {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
        f.debug_struct("StateMachineBuilder")
            .field("states", &self.states)
            .field("transition_time_out", &self.transition_time_out)
            .finish()
    }
}

impl StateMachineBuilder {
    fn find_state(&mut self, state_name: &str) -> Option<&mut State> {
        self.states.get_mut(state_name)
    }

    pub fn add_state(mut self, state_name: &str) -> Self {
        assert!(
            self.states
                .insert(state_name.to_string(), State::empty())
                .is_none(),
            "state {} already present",
            state_name
        );

        self
    }

    pub fn add_transition(
        mut self,
        state_name: &str,
        key_word: &str,
        transition: Transition,
    ) -> Self {
        self.find_state(state_name)
            .expect(&format!("state {} could not be found", state_name))
            .transitions
            .insert(key_word.to_string(), transition);

        self
    }

    pub fn load(mut self, file_name: impl AsRef<Path>) -> Result<Self> {
        let config = ConfigHandler::read_config(file_name)?;

        for (state_name, parameter) in config.into_iter() {
            let (key_word, transition) = Transition::from_file(parameter)?;

            match self.find_state(&state_name) {
                Some(state) => {
                    state.transitions.insert(key_word, transition);
                }
                None => {
                    let mut state = State::empty();
                    state.transitions.insert(key_word, transition);

                    self.states.insert(state_name.to_string(), state);
                }
            }
        }

        Ok(self)
    }

    pub fn set_transition_time_out(mut self, time_out: Duration) -> Self {
        self.transition_time_out = time_out;

        self
    }

    pub fn build(self, addr: impl Into<SocketAddr>) -> StateMachine {
        StateMachine {
            addr: addr.into(),

            states: self.states,
            current: START_STATE.to_string(),

            transition_time_out: self.transition_time_out,
        }
    }
}

pub struct StateMachine {
    addr: SocketAddr,

    states: HashMap<String, State>,
    current: String,

    transition_time_out: Duration,
}

impl std::fmt::Debug for StateMachine {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
        f.debug_struct("StateMachine")
            .field("add", &self.addr)
            .field("states", &self.states)
            .field("current_state", &self.current)
            .field("transition_time_out", &self.transition_time_out)
            .finish()
    }
}

impl StateMachine {
    pub fn builder() -> StateMachineBuilder {
        let mut states = HashMap::new();
        states.insert(START_STATE.to_string(), State::empty());

        StateMachineBuilder {
            states,
            transition_time_out: Duration::from_secs(1),
        }
    }

    pub fn current_state(&self) -> &str {
        &self.current
    }

    fn state(&self, name: &str) -> &State {
        self.states
            .get(name)
            .expect(&format!("current state {} not present", self.current))
    }

    pub fn possible_targets(&self) -> Vec<String> {
        self.state(&self.current).possible_targets()
    }

    pub fn addr(&self) -> SocketAddr {
        self.addr
    }

    // # Arguments
    // * state_change - callback arguments = (old state, new state, sender)
    pub fn receive<'a, T, F>(
        &mut self,
        sender: &mut T,
        content: &mut Vec<SocketContent>,
        state_change: F,
    ) -> Result<()>
    where
        T: Sender,
        F: FnOnce(&str, &str, &mut T) -> Result<()>,
    {
        if let Some(new_state) = self.check_for_state_change(sender, sender.is_server(), content)? {
            let old_state = self.current.clone();

            {
                let handle = self
                    .states
                    .get_mut(&new_state)
                    .expect(&format!("new state {} not present", new_state));

                // set previous state, for roll back
                handle.previous = Some(old_state.clone());

                // reset transition
                handle.current_transition = None;

                // reset transitions
                for transition in handle.transitions.values_mut() {
                    transition.transition_state = MessageState::None;
                }
            }

            self.current = new_state;

            state_change(&old_state, &self.current, sender)?;
        }

        Ok(())
    }

    fn check_for_state_change<T>(
        &mut self,
        sender: &mut T,
        is_server: bool,
        content: &mut Vec<SocketContent>,
    ) -> Result<Option<String>>
    where
        T: Sender,
    {
        let addr = self.addr;
        let now = Instant::now();

        let filtered = filter_by_content(content, |incoming_addr, msg| {
            if addr != incoming_addr {
                return false;
            }

            let (state_id, rest) = split_matches(msg, ':');
            let (info, _) = split_matches(rest, ':');

            if state_id != self.current {
                let current_state = self
                    .states
                    .get(&self.current)
                    .expect(&format!("current state {} not present", self.current));

                match &current_state.previous {
                    Some(previous) => {
                        if state_id != previous {
                            return false;
                        } else {
                            self.current = previous.clone();
                        }
                    }
                    None => return false,
                }
            }

            // request state multiple times, because it could be a different one after roll back
            let state = self
                .states
                .get(&self.current)
                .expect(&format!("current state {} not present", self.current));

            for key_word in state.key_words().iter() {
                if info == key_word {
                    return true;
                }
            }

            false
        });

        let current = self.current.clone();
        let state = self
            .states
            .get_mut(&self.current)
            .expect(&format!("current state {} not present", self.current));

        let mut new_transition_state = None;

        for c in filtered.into_iter() {
            match c {
                SocketContent::Message(_, msg) => {
                    let (state_id, rest) = split_matches(&msg, ':');
                    debug_assert_eq!(state_id, current);

                    let (key, transition_state) = split_matches(&rest, ':');

                    for (key_word, transition) in state.transitions.iter_mut() {
                        if key == key_word {
                            match transition_state {
                                MESSAGE_STR => {
                                    if let MessageState::None | MessageState::Message =
                                        transition.transition_state
                                    {
                                        new_transition_state = Some(key_word.clone());

                                        transition.transition_state = MessageState::Message;

                                        sender.send(
                                            addr,
                                            &Self::build_acknowledge(&current, key_word),
                                        )?;
                                    }
                                }
                                ACKNOWLEDGE_STR => {
                                    if let MessageState::Message | MessageState::Acknowledge =
                                        transition.transition_state
                                    {
                                        transition.transition_state = MessageState::Acknowledge;

                                        sender.send(
                                            addr,
                                            &Self::build_finished(&current, key_word),
                                        )?;

                                        return Ok(Some(transition.target_state.clone()));
                                    }
                                }
                                FINISHED_STR => {
                                    if transition.transition_state == MessageState::Message {
                                        return Ok(Some(transition.target_state.clone()));
                                    }
                                }

                                _ => unreachable!(),
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                SocketContent::TimeOut(_) => unreachable!(),
                SocketContent::NewConnection(_) => unreachable!(),
            }
        }

        if let Some(new_transition_state) = new_transition_state {
            if let Some(old_transition) = match &mut state.current_transition {
                Some(transition_info) => {
                    let old = transition_info.current_transition.clone();

                    transition_info.current_transition = new_transition_state;
                    transition_info.last_action = now;

                    Some(old)
                }
                None => {
                    state.current_transition = Some(TransitionInfo {
                        current_transition: new_transition_state,
                        last_action: now,
                    });

                    None
                }
            } {
                state.transition(&old_transition).transition_state = MessageState::None;
            }
        }

        if let Some(transition_info) = state.current_transition.clone() {
            // if time out is reached, resend last info
            if (now - transition_info.last_action) > self.transition_time_out {
                let transition = state.transition(&transition_info.current_transition);
                let initiator = transition.initiator;

                match transition.transition_state {
                    MessageState::None => (),
                    MessageState::Message => {
                        let answer = Self::build_acknowledge(
                            &self.current,
                            &transition_info.current_transition,
                        );

                        let message =
                            Self::build_message(&self.current, &transition_info.current_transition);

                        match (initiator, is_server) {
                            (Initiator::Client, false) => {
                                sender.send(self.addr, &message)?;
                            }
                            (Initiator::Server, true) => {
                                sender.send(self.addr, &message)?;
                            }
                            (Initiator::Client, true) => {
                                sender.send(self.addr, &answer)?;
                            }
                            (Initiator::Server, false) => {
                                sender.send(self.addr, &answer)?;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    MessageState::Acknowledge => {
                        let answer = Self::build_finished(
                            &self.current,
                            &transition_info.current_transition,
                        );

                        match initiator {
                            Initiator::Client => {
                                sender.send(self.addr, &answer)?;
                            }
                            Initiator::Server => {
                                sender.send(self.addr, &answer)?;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    MessageState::Finished => {
                        unreachable!()
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        Ok(None)
    }

    pub fn trigger_state_change<'a, T: Sender>(
        &mut self,
        target_state: &str,
        sender: &mut T,
    ) -> Result<()> {
        let addr = self.addr;
        let now = Instant::now();

        let state = self
            .states
            .get_mut(&self.current)
            .expect(&format!("current state {} not present", self.current));

        if let Some((key_word, transaction)) = state.transaction_by_target(target_state) {
            let message = Self::build_message(&self.current, key_word);

            transaction.transition_state = MessageState::Message;
            sender.send(addr, &message)?;

            state.current_transition = Some(TransitionInfo {
                current_transition: key_word.clone(),
                last_action: now,
            });
        }

        Ok(())
    }

    #[inline]
    fn build_request(current: &str, key_word: &str, action: &str) -> String {
        format!("{}:{}:{}", current, key_word, action)
    }

    #[inline]
    fn build_message(current: &str, key_word: &str) -> String {
        Self::build_request(current, key_word, MESSAGE_STR)
    }

    #[inline]
    fn build_acknowledge(current: &str, key_word: &str) -> String {
        Self::build_request(current, key_word, ACKNOWLEDGE_STR)
    }

    #[inline]
    fn build_finished(current: &str, key_word: &str) -> String {
        Self::build_request(current, key_word, FINISHED_STR)
    }
}

#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
struct TransitionInfo {
    current_transition: String,
    last_action: Instant,
}

#[derive(Debug)]
struct State {
    // in case that the other side did not receive the acknowledge
    // we can always go back
    previous: Option<String>,

    transitions: HashMap<String, Transition>,
    current_transition: Option<TransitionInfo>,
}

impl State {
    fn empty() -> Self {
        Self {
            previous: None,
            transitions: HashMap::new(),
            current_transition: None,
        }
    }

    fn transition(&mut self, key_word: &str) -> &mut Transition {
        self.transitions
            .get_mut(key_word)
            .expect(&format!("unknown key_word {}", key_word))
    }

    fn key_words(&self) -> Vec<String> {
        self.transitions
            .keys()
            .map(|transition| transition.clone())
            .collect()
    }

    fn possible_targets(&self) -> Vec<String> {
        self.transitions
            .values()
            .map(|transition| transition.target_state.clone())
            .collect()
    }

    fn transaction_by_target(&mut self, target: &str) -> Option<(&String, &mut Transition)> {
        for (key_word, transition) in self.transitions.iter_mut() {
            if transition.target_state == target {
                return Some((key_word, transition));
            }
        }

        None
    }
}

#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum Initiator {
    Server,
    Client,
}

impl<T: Sender> PartialEq<T> for Initiator {
    fn eq(&self, other: &T) -> bool {
        other.is_server() && *self == Self::Server || !other.is_server() && *self == Self::Client
    }
}

impl FromStr for Initiator {
    type Err = anyhow::Error;

    fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self> {
        match s {
            "Server" => Ok(Self::Server),
            "Client" => Ok(Self::Client),

            _ => Err(anyhow::Error::msg(format!(
                "Failed parsing Initiator from {}",
                s
            ))),
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct Transition {
    initiator: Initiator,
    transition_state: MessageState,
    target_state: String,
}

impl Transition {
    fn from_file(parameter: HashMap<String, Value>) -> Result<(String, Self)> {
        let initiator = parameter
            .get("initiator")
            .ok_or(anyhow::Error::msg(
                "Failed parsing Transition: \"initiator\" not found",
            ))?
            .to_value()?;

        let target: String = parameter
            .get("target")
            .ok_or(anyhow::Error::msg(
                "Failed parsing Transition: \"target\" not found",
            ))?
            .to_value()?;

        let key_word: String = parameter
            .get("key_word")
            .ok_or(anyhow::Error::msg(
                "Failed parsing Transition: \"key_word\" not found",
            ))?
            .to_value()?;

        Ok((key_word, Self::new(initiator, &target)))
    }

    pub fn new(initiator: Initiator, target_state: &str) -> Self {
        Self {
            initiator,
            transition_state: MessageState::None,
            target_state: target_state.to_string(),
        }
    }
}